Introduction to Biology
Subject: Basic Biology
? What is Biology?
Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms. It covers how organisms grow, function, reproduce, evolve, and interact with their environments.
The word "Biology" comes from:
Bios (Greek) – meaning “life”
Logos (Greek) – meaning “study”
? Characteristics of Living Things
All living things share certain features:
Made of cells – the basic units of life.
Grow and develop – increase in size and change over time.
Respond to stimuli – react to their environment.
Reproduce – make new organisms (sexually or asexually).
Use energy – to perform activities (metabolism).
Maintain homeostasis – keep a stable internal environment.
Evolve over time – change genetically as a group.
? Levels of Biological Organization
Life is organized from smallest to largest:
Atoms
Molecules
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organisms
Populations
Communities
Ecosystems
Biosphere – all life on Earth
? Branches of Biology
Biology is a wide field. Some important branches include:
Botany – study of plants
Zoology – study of animals
Microbiology – study of microorganisms
Genetics – study of heredity and DNA
Ecology – study of ecosystems and environments
Anatomy – study of body structures
Physiology – study of how organisms function
? Scientific Method in Biology
Biologists use the scientific method to solve problems and study life:
Observation – noticing something in nature
Question – asking a question about the observation
Hypothesis – making an educated guess
Experiment – testing the hypothesis
Data collection – recording results
Conclusion – analyzing data to accept or reject the hypothesis
Communication – sharing findings
? Why Study Biology?
Understand how your body works
Learn about diseases and health
Appreciate nature and the environment
Make informed choices about science-related issues
Prepare for careers in health, agriculture, research, etc.
By: Adam Umar
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